Design Perspective Q&A: The Use of Brick in Contemporary Architecture and Urban Design

Featuring The Goergen Institute for Data Science
and Architect Frano Violich, FAIA

Every brick tells a story. The use of brick and concrete blocks in contemporary architecture lends itself to a range of styles that can be used to tell the story of a structure. The materiality of brick expresses more than just the function of the material, but also the experience of the material within a structure, from concept to construction and process to use.

The Goergen Institute for Data Science at Wegmans Hall was a signature focus of the University of Rochester’s Strategic Plan to leverage information technology in a new educational model for cross-disciplinary research and innovation. The story the brick tells exemplifies the culmination of the building combining science, IT and humanity studies.

The use of brickwork to exemplify materiality in this structure is masterful. A unique pattern inspired by computer coding matrices forms the building’s masonic envelope, which projects from the main building mass to create a dynamic and ever-changing play of light and texture on the façade. The window patterning and ornamental exterior brickwork are inspired by punch cards and computer coding matrices to provide a signature façade that reflects the research conducted within the building. The projecting bricks create a dynamic interplay of light and shadow across the façades that change throughout the day and the seasons.

In this Q&A, architect Frano Violich, FAIA of Kennedy & Violich Architecture, Ltd. discusses the goals, challenges, successes and use of brick in the design of his award-winning architectural project with The Goergen Institute. Violich explores brick as one of the materials that designers and builders in the project used as conceptual elements to bring the language of code to life.

Q. What were the goals of the project?

A. There were three primary goals. The first was to make the School of Engineering and Applied Science a destination that would attract students from the Sciences, Arts, and Humanities in a place that was welcoming and collaborative in spirit. The second was to create a program that was multidisciplinary, where these same students could work together on project-based research in spaces that were open 24/7, were reconfigurable and filled with natural light. The third was to create a building that, by design, through its spaces and materials would express all of this both inside and out.

Q. What story is being told with this building?

A. We wanted the building to, in a way, tell the story itself. This was one of the first ground-up buildings dedicated to Data Science and as a new curriculum major with its own Institute we felt it was important for the building to express what data science is, which is basically how you make sense of all the data that’s out there floating in the ether. The ways in which this data can be used to research science, art, and languages is why it’s become such a popular major and career path today.  How could we use, or “mis-use,” a brick the same way, like a pixel, and take that pixel and push it in and pull it out to play with light, shadows and so it begins to look like a language — like a streaming binary-coded language?

Q. What were the challenges, and why?

A. Probably the biggest was siting the building. The challenge was that while a typical quad is created by four buildings that form an outdoor “room,” this quad only had three, with an active campus road on the fourth side. The only solution to making this perform like a quad was to site the new building on the street which is not usually recommended. Under each street are all sorts of connected systems to other buildings — sewer, electricity and water. But in the end it solved a lot of problems creating an open space that is car-free, welcoming to pedestrians, and is a campus destination. 

Q. What were the successes, and what do you want to celebrate about this project?

A. I like how this project has contributed to the campus by providing a safe zone away from cars and noise where anybody can go. I like the way the project uses the topography. The site slopes gently toward the Genesee River so we followed it with an interior street-like space and just let the spaces get higher and higher along the way. At the very end we tucked in a large auditorium and bleacher seating that overlook the river.  Also, how the light plays across the masonry. In winter or late afternoons, you can get 8-foot shadows from protruding bricks cast horizontally from the sun. But at noon on a winter day, the shadow of the brick could be just 8 inches. It’s like a sundial that tells time!

Q. Tell us about the bricks used in this project.

A. We used a sand mold brick (Glen-Gery 53-DD) which was specified by the University standards. Sand mold bricks are unique since, unlike the majority of the bricks manufactured in the US, they are individually set in molds and fired and cool differently depending on where they are placed in the kiln. Some are darker, lighter, and spotty. No two bricks are alike! It gives them a velvety texture, a certain irregular character; each one is a little different. Historically, the selection of brick has always been important to architects.

In the words of Violich, “materiality is an opportunity where you can arrange and configure the materials to raise questions and to spark someone’s imagination.”

Goergen Institute for Data Science at Wegmans Hall is featured within the North American debut issue of Materiality. The publication is a sharing of ideas and celebration of architecture and design that shares the commonality of brick. Request your complimentary copy here.

The La Clairiere residence is located in Princeton, New Jersey. La Clairiere features the Roman Maximus brick in black with wood accents that dissolve in the trees from a distance and appears when approaching the residence through the wooden landscape.

The house is designed as two solid masses carefully positioned on the landscape, each containing an assortment of private spaces; the void between these two shifted volumes allows the landscape to run through its core and encloses all the communal activities.

Two large brick façade sectors stand tall and attach to the glass core. These brick sectors have windows and balconies to provide uniformity from the exterior yet uniqueness for each interior space. These volumes are built out of Black Roman Maximus brick chosen for their highly textured, horizontal proportions and the varied lengths that break up any continuity in vertical joints on the façade. The individual unit of brick, which provides depth from close, becomes a part of a larger texture of subtle horizontal grain, forming the mass of the volumes.

With black sills and headers and deep brick returns, the window details emphasize the walls’ thickness and provide privacy for the spaces within. These two blocks contain seven bedrooms, the master suite, garage, office, mudroom, and laundry room. The custom windows are carefully calculated to provide natural light and views while maintaining a sense of privacy and protection.

In sharp contrast to the solid Black Roman Maximus brick, the wood-lined space is capped by large window walls at each end, providing views over the nearby lake. The large glass core of the home includes the kitchen, dining, living rooms, and mezzanine offering elevated views to the lake.

Welcome to Glazed Brick 101, where we embark on a journey into the vibrant world of glazed bricks. As a crucial player in the architectural world, glazed bricks have evolved from being a functional building material to a design element that adds personality and aesthetic charm to any project. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the process of glazing, delve into the historical significance, discuss color and texture options, examine practical aspects such as durability and maintenance, explore sustainability considerations, and showcase the versatility of glazed bricks in both interior and exterior applications.

Understanding Glazed Brick
Glazed bricks are a type of brick coated with a layer of ceramic powder that forms a glass vitrified to the brick body when fired at high temperatures. This layer, called the glaze, not only enhances the brick's appearance but also provides protection against weathering, stains, and other environmental factors. Similar to paint coloring, propriety blends of minerals are mixed with ceramic stains, applied to green brick, and fired once through our production tunnel kiln. These stains, that come in a variety of colors, are precision manufactured blends of metals and oxides that are melted, quenched (cooled rapidly), and ground for repeatable stable color production. In addition to an expansive color deck, Glen-Gery has the ability to apply a clear glaze that highlights the natural look of traditional brick while adding the above features.
 
Historical Significance
The history of glazed bricks dates back to ancient civilizations, where they were used for both decorative and functional purposes. Notably, the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, constructed in the 6th century BC, showcases the mesmerizing beauty of glazed bricks and remain vibrant after 2,500 years. Over centuries, glazed bricks have continued to be prized for their ability to elevate architectural designs and add a touch of opulence to structures.
 
Color and Texture Options
One of the most exciting aspects of glazed bricks is the myriad of color and texture options available. From bold and vibrant hues to subtle, neutral tones, glazed bricks offer endless possibilities for customization. 
 
Aesthetic Appeal
The aesthetic appeal of glazed bricks is unparalleled. Their ability to reflect light and create a dynamic interplay of colors adds a unique dimension to any building. Whether used for accent walls, façades, or intricate patterns, glazed bricks have the power to transform ordinary spaces into visually stunning works of art.
 
Practical Aspects
Beyond their visual allure, glazed bricks boast practical advantages. The glaze acts as a protective barrier, making the bricks impervious to liquids and gases. This not only enhances their longevity but also reduces the need for frequent maintenance. The surface of glazed bricks makes them easy to clean, ensuring that their beauty endures over time as their color does not fade. And, like all brick, glazed bricks are fireproof, noise cancelling, and energy efficient, keeping structures cool in warm temperatures, and warm in cool temperatures. 
 
Durability and Maintenance
Glazed bricks are renowned for their durability, making them a reliable choice for various construction projects. Their resistance to harsh weather conditions and wear ensures that buildings retain their elegance for years to come. Maintenance is minimal, requiring only occasional cleaning to preserve the glossy finish and vibrant colors.
 
Sustainability Considerations
In the era of eco-conscious construction, Glen-Gery glazed bricks stand out as a sustainable choice due to the fact they contain recycled content. The ceramic base material is environmentally friendly, and the firing process is optimized for energy efficiency – having only to be fired once. Additionally, the longevity and low maintenance requirements contribute to the overall sustainability of glazed bricks in modern construction.
 
Versatility in Applications
The versatility of glazed bricks knows no bounds. Suitable for both interior and exterior applications, these bricks can be used to create captivating feature walls and eye-catching facades. Their adaptability to various design styles, from contemporary to traditional, makes them a favorite among architects and builders seeking flexibility in their projects.
 
Customization Options
Architects and builders can unleash their creativity with the wide range of customization options offered by glazed bricks. From selecting unique colors and finishes to creating intricate patterns and designs, the customization possibilities are endless. This flexibility allows for the tailoring of glazed bricks to suit specific project requirements, making them an ideal choice for projects with distinct design visions. With an increased popularity in blue and green glazed bricks specifically, designers can create nearly any shade desired – whether it be a school’s signature color, or a Pantone swatch. 
 
In conclusion, glazed bricks have emerged as a cornerstone in contemporary construction, marrying aesthetic appeal with practicality. From their historical significance to their diverse color and texture options, glazed bricks continue to captivate architects, builders, and enthusiasts alike. As we navigate the ever-evolving landscape of construction materials, glazed bricks stand as a testament to the enduring beauty and functionality of this timeless building material. 

As we step into the new year, the world of architecture and construction is evolving, bringing with it exciting trends and innovations. At Glen-Gery, we understand the importance of staying ahead of the curve. Here we'll explore the anticipated trends in brick, architecture, and building products for 2024, with a focus on color, style, and texture.

 
Sustainable Materials and Eco-Friendly Designs
In 2024, sustainability continues to be a key driver in architectural selections. Building materials with low environmental impact are gaining popularity, and this includes bricks. Homeowners and architects alike are increasingly drawn to eco-friendly brick options, which not only contribute to a greener planet but also offer durability and aesthetic appeal. Many Glen-Gery brick products contain recycled content, including our glazed and klaycoat product lines. To make these products even more eco-friendly, the coatings are applied to the green brick and only fired once, unlike other similar products on the market. 
 
Earthy Tones and Natural Finishes
Expect to see a surge in demand for earthy tones and natural finishes in brick design. Warm, neutral colors such as terracotta, beige, and muted reds are making a comeback, providing a timeless and elegant aesthetic. Natural finishes enhance the texture of the bricks, creating a visually appealing and tactile surface. Glen-Gery’s new product, Buffalo Trail, is expected to stand out in the residential market for its rich color and rustic texture. 
 
Innovative Brick Shapes and Sizes
Architects are embracing creativity by experimenting with unconventional brick shapes and sizes. Glen-Gery’s ability to produce custom shapes is a game changer in the industry. The Grand Mulberry, designed by Morris Adjmi Architects, is a perfect example of the possibilities of building and designing with custom shapes. From oversized bricks to intricate patterns, the trend leans towards unique designs that add a touch of individuality to each project. This shift allows for greater customization and personalization in architectural compositions.
 
Mixed Material Applications
The fusion of different materials in construction is gaining momentum. Expect to see more projects integrating bricks with other materials like glass, metal, or wood. This blending of textures and materials not only adds visual interest but also enhances the overall durability and functionality of the structure. 
 
Construction Technologies
Advancements in technology are transforming the construction industry. The use of thin brick paired with an Advanced Cladding System is becoming increasingly popular as it extends the options of designers, architects, and builders by providing products and solutions which extend beyond just the brick. These Glen-Gery systems, such as Thin Tech and Tru-Brix, have been painstakingly developed to overcome antiquated limitations of space, time, and budget while making installation easy. 
 
Bold and Geometric Patterns
Architectural designs in 2024 will showcase bold and geometric patterns using bricks. Whether it's intricate herringbone layouts, dynamic chevrons, or avant-garde shapes, architects are pushing the boundaries of conventional brickwork to create eye-catching facades and interiors.
 
Textured Exteriors and Interiors
Texture plays a crucial role in defining the character of a building. Rough-hewn and textured bricks are gaining popularity for their ability to add depth and interest to both exteriors and interiors. Glen-Gery’s 2024 Color of the Year, Blue Smooth Ironspot, showcases a dark blue-black brick that make any modern design a standout project. Varying weather and lighting brings out the inherent luster and sheen in each individual brick. This tactile element creates a dynamic contrast with smoother surfaces, providing a rich and engaging visual experience.

As we navigate the evolving landscape of architecture and construction in 2024, the trends in brick design are diverse and exciting. From sustainable practices to innovative technologies and creative designs, the future promises a harmonious blend of functionality, aesthetics, and environmental consciousness. At Glen-Gery, we are committed to providing the finest brick options that align with these trends, empowering architects and builders to bring their visionary projects to life. Let's embark on this journey together, shaping the future of architecture one brick at a time.